The energy from feed is stockpiled in the muscles in the form of glycogen. Through a chain of biochemical reactions within the muscle cells, the glycogen is oxidised to release Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) the chemical energy source used to power the muscle cells. The oxidation process requires large amounts of oxygen, hence the need for an efficient blood supply.
The waste products from this energy burning process include water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, lactic acid and free radicals, all of which have the potential to reduce muscular efficiency. Free radicals can cause serious damage to the muscle cell membrane. It is these free radicals, in conjunction with the waste ammonia and lactic acid, that many equine sport scientists believe are responsible for muscle fatigue and post exercise muscle soreness.
Antioxidants are substances that have the ability to inactivate the free radicals within the cell. There are many nutritional antioxidants, mostly found in plants. Muscle-Max is an antioxidant supplement that contains stabilised rice-bran. Rice bran is a rich source of glycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids and glycolipids. Its principle antioxidants are the tocopherals, tocotrienols and gamma oryzanol, as well as inositol, phytic acid and choline. Vitamin E is one of the Tocopherols found in Muscle-Max, but it is the tocotrienols that are 50 times more potent than Vitamin E, that makes rice branl such a potent antioxidant formulation.
Gamma Oryzanol is a natural component of rice bran and as well as acting as an antioxidant, it has also been shown to reduce muscle fatigue and improve appetite.
Muscle Max also contains chromium picolinate, which is is not an antioxidant but is an active chromium salt used as a natural nutritional supplement. Supplementing horses with low levels ensures sufficient chromium is available to the horse to ensure it can maintain muscle homeostasis.